CCC '12 J4 - Big Bang Secrets
Canadian Computing Competition: 2012 Stage 1, Junior #4
Sheldon and Leonard are physicists who are fixated on the BIG BANG theory. In order to exchange secret insights, they have devised a code that encodes UPPERCASE words by shifting their letters forward.
Shifting a letter by \(S\) positions means to go forward \(S\) letters in the alphabet. For example, shifting B by \(S = 3\) positions gives E . However, sometimes this makes us go past Z , the last letter of the alphabet. Whenever this happens we wrap around, treating A as the letter that follows Z . For example, shifting Z by \(S = 2\) positions gives B .
Sheldon and Leonard's code depends on a parameter \(K\) and also varies depending on the position of each letter in the word. For the letter at position \(P\) , they use the shift value of \(S = 3P + K\) .
For example, here is how ZOOM is encoded when \(K = 3\) . The first letter Z has a shift value of \(S = 3 \times 1 + 3 = 6\) ; it wraps around and becomes the letter F . The second letter, O , has \(S = 3 \times 2 + 3 = 9\) and becomes X . The last two letters become A and B . So Sheldon sends Leonard the secret message: FXAB
Write a program for Leonard that will decode messages sent by Sheldon.
Input Specification
The input will be two lines. The first line will contain the positive integer \(K\) ( \(K < 10\) ), which is used to compute the shift value. The second line of input will be the word, which will be a sequence of uppercase characters of length at most \(20\) .
Output Specification
The output will be the decoded word of uppercase letters.
Sample Input 1
3
FXABOutput for Sample Input 1
ZOOMSample Input 2
5
JTUSUKGOutput for Sample Input 2
BIGBANG
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